[62] Notable Dalit authors writing in Marathi include Arun Kamble, Shantabai Kamble, Raja Dhale, Namdev Dhasal, Daya Pawar, Annabhau Sathe, Laxman Mane, Laxman Gaikwad, Sharankumar Limbale, Bhau Panchbhai, Kishor Shantabai Kale, Narendra Jadhav, Keshav Meshram, Urmila Pawar, Vinay Dharwadkar, Gangadhar Pantawane, Kumud Pawde and Jyoti Lanjewar. Native speakers of Marathi formed 70.34% of the population in Maharashtra, 10.89% in Goa, 7.01% in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 4.53% in Daman and Diu, 3.38% in Karnataka, 1.7% in Madhya Pradesh and 1.52% in Gujarat. The State of Goa also recognizes Marathi as an official language along with Konkani.Marathi is the medium of everyday communication in Maharashtra, and is also used in education, government, business, and the media. [14] In Goa, Konkani is the sole official language; however, Marathi may also be used for all official purposes in any case. [33] Mukteshwar translated the Mahabharata into Marathi; Tukaram (1608–49) transformed Marathi into a rich literary language. [90], Over a period of many centuries, the Marathi language and people came into contact with many other languages and dialects. The Devanagari alphabet used to write Marathi is slightly different from the Devanagari alphabets of Hindi and other languages: there are a couple of additional letters in the Marathi alphabet, and Western punctuation is used. arts, South Asian." It was during the 20th century, that the people belonging to the peasant community of the Indo-Aryan Kshatriya Marathi class who were described … Maharashtra was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, which had existed since 1956, into majority Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati-speaking Gujarat, respectively. Ahmednagar is the largest district of Maharashtra by area. In addition, the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Theatre Convention) is also held annually. [37] Adilshahi of Bijapur also used Marathi for administration and record keeping.[38]. Although earlier confined to a half an hour slot in the national television Doordarshan, the industry has now expanded with many commercial TV channels currently on air.Various dedicated categories like news and movies have been added and have considerably expanded the horizon of Marathi TV entertainment. The Goa, Daman, and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani the official language but provides that Marathi may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". Maharashtri was often used for poetry and as such, diverged from proper Sanskrit grammar mainly to fit the language to the meter of different styles of poetry. Some examples are given above. [43] Further growth and usage of the language was because of two religious sects – the Mahanubhava and Varkari panthans – who adopted Marathi as the medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion. This was probably written in 1288. Documents from this period, therefore, give a better picture of the life of common people. Desh (Pune Division) 2. University of Baroda", "University College of Arts and Social Sciences", "Department of P.G. Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. Standard Marathi is the official language of the State of Maharashtra and co-official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra Nagar haveli. The Marathi An IPA chart of all contrastive sounds in Marathi is provided below. Languages: Marathi, Hindi, English Marathi retains the original Sanskrit pronunciation of certain letters such as the anusvāra (for instance, saṃhar, compared to sanhar in Hindi). Encyclopædia Britannica. But the divisions are also popularly known by other names and that is how they are listed here. 1). Customer Success Manager, Customer Service Representative, Site Reliability Engineer and more! It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India, respectively and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. English is applicable in urban areas. Online projects such as the Marathi language Wikipedia, with 36,000+ articles, the Marathi blogroll, and Marathi blogs have gained immense popularity. ह ळ Studies and Research in Marathi", "Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status", "The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)", "Chap 13: Dalit Literature in Marathi by Veena Deo", Issues of Language and Representation: Babu Rao Bagul, "City hails Pantawane as 'father of Dalit literature, "How three generations of Dalit women writers saw their identities and struggle? list of most spoken languages in the world, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Abstract of Language Strength in India: 2011 Census", "Marathi Culture, History and Heritage in Mauritius", "Marathi may become the sixth classical language", "Dept. The primary influence of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. There is some concern, though without foundation, that this may lead to the marginalization of the language.[67]. Major poet composers of Powada and Lavani songs of the 17th and the 18th century were Anant Phandi, Ram Joshi and Honaji Bala. Have a look at various languages spoken in The state is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the primary language spoken here is Marathi. After Indian independence, Marathi was accorded the status of a scheduled language on the national level. Some words in Marathi preserve the schwa, which has been omitted in other languages which use Devanagari. accent placement and pronunciation). Under him, the language used in administrative documents became less persianised. Spoken Marathi language changes with every change of Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali. This period also saw the use of Marathi in transactions involving land and other business. He also founded the popular Marathi periodical of that era called Kesari in 1881. [32] He is known for the Viveka-Siddhi and Parammrita which are metaphysical, pantheistic works connected with orthodox Vedantism. [citation needed] Marathi is also spoken by Maharashtrian migrants to other parts of India and overseas. Maharashtra is situated on the west coast of India. [58] In the bigger cities of Maharashtra (like Mumbai, Pune, etc), where the populace has acquired cosmopolitan nature, … A Survey of Marathi Dialects. Notable grammarians of this period were Tarkhadkar, A.K.Kher, Moro Keshav Damle, and R.Joshi[56]. Atre & Prabodhankar Thackeray, were also known for their writings in Marathi in the fields of drama, comedy and social commentary. There are several traditional snacks like Poha and dishes like Usal, which Maharashtrians enjoy having frequently. different parts of Maharashtra. महाराष्ट्र राज्य की स्थापना 1 मई 1960 को हुई थी। 2). [92] The following are some of the words coined and popularized by him: Spoken Marathi contains a high number of Sanskrit-derived (tatsama) words. Indic scholars distinguish 42 dialects of spoken Marathi. [34], Marathi was widely used during the Sultanate period. Maharashtra is the third largest state of India. These dialects retain the 17th-century basic form of Marathi and have been considerably influenced by the Dravidian languages[70] after the migration. [11], Marathi is primarily spoken in Maharashtra[12] and parts of neighbouring states of Gujarat (in Vadodara), Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka (in the districts of Belgaum, Bidar, Gulbarga and Uttara Kannada), Telangana, union-territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. But different regions have their own dialects. During the reign of the last three Seuna kings, a great deal of literature in verse and prose, on astrology, medicine, Puranas, Vedanta, kings and courtiers were created. For example, the word 'रंग' (colour) is pronounced as 'ranga' in Marathi & 'rang' in other languages using Devanagari, and 'खरं' (true), despite the anuswara, is pronounced as 'khara'. The IPA signs for these are [æ] and [ɒ], respectively. [8], Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra and co-official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu[4] and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. With the super convenient offline mode, you can save all Textbook. But 504 Hindi Language jobs available in Mumbai, Maharashtra on Indeed.com. For example, 29 is एकुणतीस/एकोणतीस (एक-उणे-तीस) (thirty minus one). Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, a noted Hindutva ideologue, writer, and poet, contributed to the Marathi language by coining new Marathi equivalents for words from other languages, mostly English. Older aspirated *tsʰ, dzʱ have lost their onset, with *tsʰ merging with /s/ and *dzʱ being typically realised as an aspirated fricative, [zʱ]. You will also find a number of people speaking Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu and a medley of South Indian languages. "Memoir Relative to the Translations" 1807: Serampore Mission Press. For example, ati + uttam gives the word atyuttam, miith-bhaakar ("salt-bread"), udyog-patii ("businessman"), ashṭa-bhujaa ("eight-hands", name of a Hindu goddess). It is written from left to right. He later tried printing in Modi but by that time, Balbodh Devanagari had been accepted for printing.[75]. Other similarities to Dravidian include the extensive use of participial constructions[86] and also to a certain extent the use of the two anaphoric pronouns swətah and apəṇ. Marathi employs agglutinative, inflectional and analytical forms. Carey's dictionary had fewer entries and Marathi words were in Devanagari. To form 'tyāche', you will have to write it as त् + याचे, giving त्याचे. Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र) is the name of a state in India. [12] For instance, the people from western India, that emigrated to Mauritius in the early 19th century also speak Marathi. Native Marathi speakers form 6.86% of India's population. In area it is the third-biggest state of India. N.C.Kelkar's biographical writings, novels of Hari Narayan Apte, Narayan Sitaram Phadke and V. S. Khandekar, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar's nationalist literature and plays of Mama Varerkar and Kirloskar. Standard Operating Procedure for online hearings through video conferencing. Marathi distinguishes inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we' and possesses a three-way gender system that features the neuter in addition to the masculine and the feminine. Several inscriptions dated to the second half of the 11th century feature Marathi, which is usually appended to Sanskrit or Kannada in these inscriptions. The Marathi language television industry was started in India in 1984. Devanagari used to write Marathi is slightly different than that of Hindi or other languages. Mukund Raj was a poet who lived in the 13th century and is said to be the first poet who composed in Marathi. Maharashtra Languages. Maharashtra State Board Books is available in 7 Language This apps contains the all the Maharashtra State Board Books in Marathi , English, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Telugu, Sindhi and Urdu Language from class 1st to 12th for OFFLINE use. Other well known literary scholars of the 17th century were Mukteshwar and Shridhar. English is applicable in While the majority do speak Marathi, others speak Hindi, Gujarati, English and other languages. And Maharashtra scores pretty well with its tally of 12 varieties of Marathi and 38 other languages spoken by adivasis, tribals, nomadic tribes and denotified communities. As with a large part of India, a traditional duality existed in script usage between Devanagari by religiously educated people (most notably Brahmins) and Modi for common usage among administrators, businesspeople, and others. Following is the traditional Dresses of Maharashtra that the men wear: Maharashtrian Attire For Men Dhoti [citation needed] Such words are for example nantar (from nantara or after), purṇa (purṇa or complete, full, or full measure of something), ola (ola or damp), karaṇ (karaṇa or cause), puṣkaḷ (puṣkala or much, many), satat (satata or always), vichitra (vichitra or strange), svatah (svatah or himself/herself), prayatna (prayatna or effort, attempt), bhīti (from bhīti, or fear) and bhāṇḍa (bhāṇḍa or vessel for cooking or storing food). [35] The Persian influence continues to this day with many Persian derived words used in every day speech such as bāg (Garden), kārkhānā (factory), shahar (city), bāzār (market), dukān (shop), hushār (clever), kāḡaḏ (paper), khurchi (chair), jamin (land), jāhirāt (advertisement), and hazār (thousand)[36] Marathi also became language of administration during the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. These dialects have speakers in various parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. [41], The British colonial period starting in early 1800s saw standardisation of Marathi grammar through the efforts of the Christian missionary William Carey. When two or more consecutive consonants are followed by a vowel then a jodakshar (consonant cluster) is formed. Maharashtrian Recipes, Maharashtrain Dishes. The bulk of the variation within these dialects is primarily lexical and phonological (e.g. Pop. (1) This Act may be called the Maharashtra Official Languages Act, 1964. They used Brahmins of Pune for this task and adopted the Sanskrit dominated dialect spoken by the elite in the city as the standard dialect for Marathi. The eyelash reph/raphar (रेफ/ रफार) (र्) exists in Marathi as well as Nepali. district or area or locality in its tone and a few words. An FIR (First Information Report) has been registered on Friday allegedly against 8 to 10 Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) workers for vandalising an Amazon warehouse in Pune, police said. It uses additional vowels and consonants that are not found in other languages that also use Devanagari. [91], Marathi has also shared directions, vocabulary, and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages,[91] and foreign languages such as Persian,[36] Arabic, English and also from Romance languages like French, Spanish, Portuguese and other European languages.[91]. Va. Shirwadkar, popularly known as Kusumagraj. For administrative purposes, the state is sub-divided into six divisions and further into 35 districts. Spoken Marathi language changes with every change … First Marathi periodical Dirghadarshan was started in 1840. He advocated the unity of Marathas to propagate Maharashtra dharma. [55] The 19th century and early 20th century saw several books published on Marathi grammar. In the 18th century during Peshwa rule, some well-known works such as Yatharthadeepika by Vaman Pandit, Naladamayanti Swayamvara by Raghunath Pandit, Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay by Shridhar Pandit and Mahabharata by Moropant were produced. Marathi typing software is widely used and display interface packages are now available on Windows, Linux and macOS. The oldest stone inscriptions in the Marathi language date to around 975 AD, and can be seen at Shravanabelgola in modern-day Karnataka at the foot of the Bahubali Statue. phonetic. There are number of dialects spoken in Maharashtra. The colonial authorities also worked on standardizing Marathi under the leadership of James Thomas Molesworth and Candy. Also Vijay Tendulkar's plays in Marathi have earned him a reputation beyond Maharashtra. They inhabit the state of Maharashtra as well as districts bordering the state, such as Belgaum of Karnataka and the state of Goa in western India as well as districts of southern Gujarat and parts of Madhya Pradesh. As far as Maharashtra is concerned, the official language is Marathi. The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. There are two more vowels in Marathi to denote the pronunciations of English words such as of a in act and a in all. क्ष ज्ञ. Maharashtra was historically the name of a region which consisted of Aparanta, Vidarbha, Mulak, Assaka (Ashmaka) and … [48] The first Marathi newspaper called Durpan was started by Balshastri Jambhekar in 1832. For example, 1,234,567 is written as 12,34,567 and read as 12 lakh 34 Hazara 5 she 67. [86] Unlike most other Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Except for Father Stephen's Krista Purana in the Latin script in the 1600s, Marathi has mainly been printed in Devanagari because William Carey, the pioneer of printing in Indian languages, was only able to print in Devanagari. Districts :35. Marathi is one of the 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India. ; MahaRERA Order Invoking Force Majeure for Covid - 19 Pandemic. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of Maharashtra. Further re-organization of the Bombay state on 1 May 1960, created the Marathi speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati speaking Gujarat state respectively. Marathwada (Aurangabad Divisio… Mahanubhava literature generally comprises works that describe the incarnations of gods, the history of the sect, commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, poetical works narrating the stories of the life of Krishna and grammatical and etymological works that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of sect. Marathi (English: /məˈrɑːti/;[7] मराठी, Marāṭhī, Marathi: [məˈɾaʈʰi] (listen)) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. [29] Marathi became the dominant language of epigraphy during the last half century of the dynasty's rule (14th century), and may have been a result of the Yadava attempts to connect with their Marathi-speaking subjects and to distinguish themselves from the Kannada-speaking Hoysalas.[28][31]. Nalopakhyan, Rukmini swayamvar and Shripati's Jyotishratnamala (1039) are a few examples. Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. Area 118,800 square miles (307,690 square km). You will also find a number of people speaking Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu and a medley of South Indian languages. Cities in Maharashtra are Metropolitan and are a blend of many cultures and use English as their official language. For example, 21 is read एक-वीस (1-twenty). This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 05:28. Marathi is included among the languages which stand a part of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, thus granting it the status of a "scheduled language". Land Relief, drainage, and soils. The staple diet of Maharashtra includes wheat, rice, jowar, bajri, vegetables, lentils and fruit. Although the rulers were Muslims, the local feudal landlords and the revenue collectors were Hindus and so was the majority of the population. Maharashtra (; Marathi pronunciation: , abbr. They include some stunning forts that stand proudly in Maharashtra. Maharashtra is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtri Prakrit, the ancestor of modern Marathi, is a particularly interesting case. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by the 1990s. [96], Marathi Language Day (मराठी दिन/मराठी दिवस (transl. From the 13th century until the beginning of British rule in 19th century, Marathi was written in the Modi script for administrative purposes but in Devanagari for literature. Whereas in 1630, 80% of the vocabulary was Persian, it dropped to 37% by 1677[39] Samarth Ramdas was a contemporary of Chh.Shivaji Maharaj. [97][98], Essay competitions and seminars are arranged in schools and colleges, and government officials are asked to conduct various events. This day is regulated by the State Government. In the bigger cities of Maharashtra (like Mumbai, Pune, etc), where the populace has acquired cosmopolitan nature, Hindi and English are counted amongst the major languages. महाराष्ट्र की जानकारी एक नजर में – Maharashtra Information, Facts & History in Hindi. Being in the western region of India, Maharashtra has been blessed with an abundant supply of natural resources and the significance of the region has been mentioned in the ancient texts. ब.याच विदेशी कंपन्यांन… This practice provides Marathi with a large corpus of Sanskrit words to cope with demands of new technical words whenever needed. च छ ज झ ञ [51] Later under the editorship of Lokmanya Tilak, the newspaper was instrumental in spreading Tilak's nationalist and social views. Examples of words borrowed from other Indian and foreign languages include: A lot of English words are commonly used in conversation and are considered to be assimilated into the Marathi vocabulary. Most of the forts in Maharashtra were built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his Maratha Empire. Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. [15] The Government of Maharashtra has submitted an application to the Ministry of Culture to grant classical language status to Marathi.[16]. Zunka is one of the most famous Maharashtrain dishes, where the zunka is made … P.L. The first half of the 20th century was marked by new enthusiasm in literary pursuits, and socio-political activism helped achieve major milestones in Marathi literature, drama, music and film. Maharashtrian cuisine is a zesty and spicy one, which makes abundant use of aromatic and flavourful ingredients like peanuts, sesame seeds and chillies. The Maharasthrians speak Marathi language which is a part of the southern group of Indo-Aryan languages. Infact, this language is spoken by the majority of population living in the state. [8] The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages, dating from around 600 AD. Modern Asian Studies, 10(3), pp.321-348. But by the late 18th century, the Maratha Empire's influence over a large part of the country was on the decline. The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. [34] Unlike varkari saints, his writing has a strong militant expression to it. The primary word order of Marathi is subject–object–verb[87] Marathi follows a split-ergative pattern of verb agreement and case marking: it is ergative in constructions with either perfective transitive verbs or with the obligative ("should", "have to") and it is nominative elsewhere. It is also Maharashtra's official language. However, in Maharashtra, some did participate in various outdoor activities and even helped in agricultural activities and thus, like men, preferred to wear what made them able to move around freely and feel comfortable. [29] A 2-line 1118 CE Marathi inscription at Shravanabelagola records a grant by the Hoysalas. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. The 13th-century varkari saint Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) wrote a treatise in Marathi on Bhagawat Gita popularly called Dnyaneshwari and Amritanubhava. Every two-digit number after 18 (11 to 18 are predefined) is read backward. As with other Indic languages, there are distinct names for the fractions 1⁄4, 1⁄2, and 3⁄4. Marathi is usually written in the Balbodh[76][77][78][79] version of Devanagari script, an abugida consisting of 36 consonant letters and 16 initial-vowel letters. Infact, this language is spoken by the majority of population living in the state. The first modern book exclusively concerning Marathi grammar was printed in 1805 by William Carey. Powers of ten are denoted by separate specific words as depicted in below table. उद्योगांची भरभराट आणि प्रत्येक हाताला काम देणा.या या मुंबईने करोडो लोकांना आपल्यात सामावुन घेतले आहे. Zadi Boli Sahitya Mandal and many literary figures are working for the conservation of this important and distinct dialect of Marathi. Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and the above-mentioned rules give special status to tatsamas, words adapted from Sanskrit. Nagpur serves as second capital as well as winter capital of the state. The official language of Mumbai is Marathi and it is the most used language of the State of Maharashtra as well. However, Mumbai being a cosmopolitan city also accepts several other languages such as Gujarati, Kannada, English, Telugu, Konkani, Dangii, Varhadii and Hindi. Dialects bordering other major language areas have many properties in common with those languages, further differentiating them from standard spoken Marathi. [82] In Marathi, when ‘र’ is the first consonant of a consonant cluster and occurs at the beginning of a syllable, it is written as an eyelash reph/raphar. [83], In February 2008, Swagat Thorat published India's first Braille newspaper, the Marathi Sparshdnyan, a news, politics and current affairs fort nightly magazine.[85]. Maharashtrian or Marathi cuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra.It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines.Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others. The Land of the Marathas, Maharashtra is the 2nd most populated and the 3rd largest state in India. With 83 million speakers as 2011, Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. [80], क ख गं घ ङ ", "झाडी बोली (मराठी भाषेतील सौंदर्यस्थळे) | मिसळपाव", "Marathi | South Asian Languages and Civilizations", "A Comparative Study of Handwritten Marathi Character Recognition", "Marathi magazine to be launched in Feb is first Braille fortnightly", "Processing of Kridanta (Participle) in Marathi", "VD Savarkar's language purification project was a precursor to creating a 'Hindu language, "jagatik Marathi bhasha din celebration - divyamarathi.bhaskar.com", राज्य शासकीय कार्यालयांना अधिकृत पत्रव्यवहारासाठी “मराठी भाषेचा” वापर अनिवार्य 2020, The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marathi_language&oldid=998608881, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Marathi-language text, All articles with links needing disambiguation, Articles with links needing disambiguation from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.